Famous Birthdays
Actors, etc.
Diane Ladd, 63
Garry Shandling, 57
Howie Mandel, 51
Cathy Moriarty, 46
Kim Delaney, 45
Tom Sizemore, 45
Andrew McCarthy, 44
Don Cheadle, 42
Joel Coen, 52
Gena Lee Nolin, 35
Anna Faris, 30
Singers, etc.
Denny Doherty, 66
The Mamas and The Papas
Jonathan Knight, 38
Ringo Garza, 25
Los Lonely Boys
Location:
Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean,
east of the Dominican Republic. (about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of
Miami, Florida).
Geographic Coordinates: Latitude: 18 15 N Longitude: 66 30 W
Total Area: 9,104 sq km (3,508 sq mi)
The maximum length from east to west (from Punta Puerca to Punta Higuero) of
180 km (110 mi) and with a maximum width from north to south (from Isabella
to Punta Colón) of 65 km (40 mi).
Interesting Fact
70.8% of the world's surface is water, 29.2% is land.
Land Area: 8,959 sq km
Comparative area: approximately three times the size of Rhode Island.
Water Area: 145 sq km
Map References: Central America and the Caribbean.
Limits:
To the west by Haití and the Dominican Republic (La Hispañola), separated by
the Mona Passage ("Mona Canal"), to the east by the Virgin Islands, to the
north by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Caribbean Sea.
Borders:
Puerto Rico is under the U.S. customs jurisdiction. Borders are open between
P.R. and the U.S., allowing for free movement of people and merchandise.
Maritime Claims:
Continental shelf: 200 NM (depth)
Exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
Territorial sea: 12 NM
Capital: San Juan (founded in 1508, by Juan Ponce de León).
Administrative Divisions: None (Commonwealth associated with the U.S.);
there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the U.S.
Government, but there are 78 municipalities. Municipalities are further
subdivided into barrios, and those into sectors. Other territories include:
Mona (5,517 hectares), Monito (15 hectares), Desecheo (122 hectares), and
Caja de Muertos (202 hectares). Numerous other small cays lie offshore of
Puerto Rico.
Interesting Fact
Puerto Rico is close to the deepest submarine depression in the North
Atlantic Ocean. The Puerto Rico Trench, roughly parallel to the northern
coast of the island of Puerto Rico and lying about 75 miles (120 km) to the
north. The Puerto Rico Trench is about 1,090 miles (1,750 km) long and 60
miles (100 km) wide. The deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean, the Milwaukee
Depth , lies within the Puerto Rico Trench, at a depth of 27,493 feet (8,380
meters) in the western end of the trench, about 100 miles (160 km) northwest
of Puerto Rico. The origin of the trench can be traced back to the beginning
of the Tertiary period. The Puerto Rico Trench appears to be part of a
complex system of sinistral strike-slip faults in the north Caribbean; the
trench seems to have been opened continuously for about 70 million years. It
is partially filled with sediments.
The Caribbean's greatest known depth is Cayman Trench (Bartlett Deep)
between Cuba and Jamaica, at approximately 25,216 feet (7,686 meters) below
sea level.
A municipality (municipio) is an administrative local area
generally composed of a clearly defined territory and commonly referring
to a city, town, or village government. In Puerto Rico, a municipality is
a city and the government unit that is the primary legal subdivision; each
municipality has an elected mayor. However, the Census Bureau treats the
municipio as the statistical equivalent of a county.
Mona and Monito Islands are located between Puerto Rico and the
Dominican Republic. These small islands are considered the Galápagos
Islands of the Caribbean Sea. No other reef and offshore island habitat
within U.S. jurisdiction possesses such ecological uniqueness, invaluable
habitat, and biological diversity within such a reduced surface area. For
these reasons, Mona and Monito Islands have been recognized by the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico as a Natural Reserve. The islands are a
critical habitat of endangered marine turtles, sea birds and occasional
migratory marine mammals.
Spanish or Castilian (español or castellano) is, like
French, Portuguese, Italian, an Iberian Romance language, derived from
Latin. Spanish is a phonetic language, words are pronounced exactly as
they are spelled.
According to
Ethnologue Spanish is the second language in the world, after
Mandarin Chinese and ahead of English.
Spanish is spoken by more than 400 million
people worldwide, primarily in Spain and Latin America. Spanish is the
official language in 24 countries, with over 323 million native
speakers, Puerto Rico accounts for less than 4 million (figure from the
15th Edition of the Ethnologue). With such large geographic expanse the
Spanish language has developed many local variations or dialects.
These variations are the result of different regions and countries
integration of their local history and culture - creating differences in
concepts, usage, idioms and vocabulary; and distinct accents.
Puerto Rico has develop a unique version of Spanish. The language was
greatly influenced by Puerto Rico's history. Puerto Ricans integrated
thousands of Taíno words, adopted some of the
pronunciation habits from African
dialects, and incorporated English words or phrases (known as "Spanglish")
into the language.
Puerto Ricans can understand Spanish speakers from other countries,
while there may be some differences, such differences are not excessive
and does not obstruct communication.
Language has been a central issue in Puerto Rican education and
culture since 1898. Until 1930 U.S. authorities insisted upon making
English the language of instruction in the schools, the intent being to
produce English-speaking persons of American culture in the same way
this is done in the United States public schools. But strong resistance
to the policy finally brought a change to the use of Spanish as the
basic school language, English becoming a second language studied by
all. In 1991 the Puerto Rican legislature, following the lead of the
pro-commonwealth Popular Democratic Party and the governor, Rafael
Hernández Colon, endorsed a bill that made Spanish the island's official
language, thus reversing a 1902 law that gave both Spanish and English
official recognition. In 1993 the pro-statehood governor, Pedro J.
Rossello, signed legislation restoring equal status to Spanish and
English.